MISSISSIPPI LEGISLATURE

1999 Regular Session

To: Judiciary A

By: Representative Holden

AN ACT TO AMEND THE MISSISSIPPI BUSINESS CORPORATION ACT; TO AMEND SECTION 79-4-8.30, MISSISSIPPI CODE OF 1972, TO REVISE THE STANDARD OF CONDUCT FOR DIRECTORS; TO CODIFY SECTION 79-4-8.31, MISSISSIPPI CODE OF 1972, TO REVISE THE STANDARDS OF LIABILITY FOR DIRECTORS; TO AMEND SECTION 79-4-8.33, MISSISSIPPI CODE OF 1972, TO REVISE THE LIABILITY OF DIRECTORS FOR UNLAWFUL DISTRIBUTIONS; TO AMEND SECTION 79-4-8.42, MISSISSIPPI CODE OF 1972, TO REVISE THE STANDARD OF CONDUCT FOR OFFICERS; AND FOR RELATED PURPOSES.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI:

SECTION 1. Section 79-4-8.30, Mississippi Code of 1972, is amended as follows:

79-4-8.30. (a) Each member of the board of directors, when discharging the duties of a director, shall act:

(1) In good faith, and

(2) In a manner the director reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation.

(b) The members of the board of directors or a committee of the board, when becoming informed in connection with their decision-making function or devoting attention to their oversight function, shall discharge their duties with the care that a person in a like position would reasonably believe appropriate under similar circumstances.

(c) In discharging board or committee duties a director, who does not have knowledge that makes reliance unwarranted, is entitled to rely on the performance by any of the persons specified in subsection (e)(1) or subsection (e)(3) to whom the board may have delegated, formally or informally by course of conduct, the authority or duty to perform one or more of the board's functions that are delegable under applicable law.

(d) In discharging board or committee duties a director, who does not have knowledge that makes reliance unwarranted, is entitled to rely on information, opinions, reports or statements, including financial statements and other financial data, prepared or presented by any of the persons specified in subsection (e).

(e) A director is entitled to rely, in accordance with subsection (c) or (d), on:

(1) One or more officers or employees of the corporation whom the director reasonably believes to be reliable and competent in the functions performed or the information, opinions, reports or statements provided;

(2) Legal counsel, public accountants, or other persons retained by the corporation as to matters involving skills or expertise the director reasonably believes are matters (i) within the particular person's professional or expert competence or (ii) as to which the particular person merits confidence; or

(3) A committee of the board of directors of which the director is not a member if the director reasonably believes the committee merits confidence.

(f) For purposes of this section, a director, in determining what he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation, shall consider the interests of the corporation's shareholders and, in his discretion, may consider any of the following:

(1) The interests of the corporation's employees, suppliers, creditors and customers;

(2) The economy of the state and nation;

(3) Community and societal considerations;

(4) The long-term as well as short-term interests of the corporation and its shareholders, including the possibility that these interests may be best served by the continued independence of the corporation.

SECTION 2. The following provision shall be codified as Section 79-4-8.31, Mississippi Code of 1972:

79-4-8.31. (a) A director shall not be liable to the corporation or its shareholders for any decision to take or not to take action, or any failure to take any action, as a director, unless the party asserting liability in a proceeding establishes that:

(1) Any provision in the articles of incorporation authorized by Section 2.02(b)(4) or the protection afforded by Section 8.61 for action taken in compliance with Section 8.62 or 8.63, if interposed as a bar to the proceeding by the director, does not preclude liability; and

(2) The challenged conduct consisted or was the result of:

(i) Action not in good faith; or

(ii) A decision

(A) Which the director did not reasonably believe to be in the best interests of the corporation, or

(B) As to which the director was not informed to an extent the director reasonably believed appropriate in the circumstances; or

(iii) A lack of objectivity due to the director's familial, financial or business relationship with, or a lack of independence due to the director's domination or control by, another person having a material interest in the challenged conduct

(A) Which relationship or which domination or control could reasonably be expected to have affected the director's judgment respecting the challenged conduct in a manner adverse to the corporation, and

(B) After a reasonable expectation to such effect has been established, the director shall not have established that the challenged conduct was reasonably believed by the director to be in the best interests of the corporation; or

(iv) A sustained failure of the director to be informed about the business and affairs of the corporation, or other material failure of the director to discharge the oversight function; or

(v) Receipt of a financial benefit to which the director was not entitled or any other breach of the director's duties to deal fairly with the corporation and its shareholders that is actionable under applicable law.

(b) The party seeking to hold the director liable:

(1) For money damages, shall also have the burden of establishing that:

(i) Harm to the corporation or its shareholders has been suffered, and

(ii) The harm suffered was proximately caused by the director's challenged conduct; or

(2) For other money payment under a legal remedy, such as compensation for the unauthorized use of corporate assets, shall also have whatever persuasion burden may be called for to establish that the payment sought is appropriate in the circumstances; or

(3) For other money payment under an equitable remedy, such as profit recovery by or disgorgement to the corporation, shall also have whatever persuasion burden may be called for to establish that the equitable remedy sought is appropriate in the circumstances.

(c) Nothing contained in this section shall (1) in any instance where fairness is at issue, such as consideration of the fairness of a transaction to the corporation under Section 8.61(b)(3), alter the burden of proving the fact or lack of fairness otherwise applicable, (2) alter the fact or lack of liability of a director under another section of this act, such as the provisions governing the consequences of an unlawful distribution under Section 8.33 or a transactional interest under Section 8.61, or (3) affect any rights to which the corporation or a shareholder may be entitled under another statute of this state or the United States.

SECTION 3. Section 79-4-8.33, Mississippi Code of 1972, is amended as follows:

79-4-8.33. (a) A director who votes for or assents to a distribution in excess of what may be authorized and made pursuant to Section 79-4-6.40(a) * * * is personally liable to the corporation for the amount of the distribution that exceeds what could have been distributed without violating Section 79-4-6.40(a) if the party asserting liability establishes that when taking the action the director did not comply with Section 79-4-8.30. * * *

(b) A director held liable under subsection (a) for an unlawful distribution is entitled to * * *:

(1) Contribution from every other director who could be held liable under subsection (a) for the unlawful distribution; and

(2) Recoupment from each shareholder of the pro rata portion of the amount of the unlawful distribution the shareholder accepted, knowing the distribution was made in violation of Section 79-4-6.40(a) * * *.

(1) The liability of a director under subsection (a) is barred unless it is commenced within two (2) years after the date on which the effect of the distribution was measured under Section 79-4-6.40(e) or (g) or as of which the violation of Section 79-4-6.40(a) occurred as the consequence of disregard of a restriction in the articles of incorporation; or

(2) Contribution or recoupment under subsection (b) is barred unless it is commenced within one (1) year after the liability of the claimant has been finally adjudicated under subsection (a).

SECTION 4. Section 79-4-8.42, Mississippi Code of 1972, is amended as follows:

79-4-8.42. (a) An officer, when performing in such capacity, shall act:

(1) In good faith;

(2) With the care that a * * * person in a like position would reasonably exercise under similar circumstances; and

(3) In a manner the officer reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation.

(b) In discharging those duties an officer, who does not have knowledge that makes reliance unwarranted, is entitled to rely on * * *:

(1) The performance of properly delegated responsibilities by one or more * * * employees of the corporation whom the officer reasonably believes to be reliable and competent in performing the responsibilities delegated; or

(2) Information, opinions, reports or statements, including financial statements and other financial data, prepared or presented by one or more employees of the corporation whom the officer reasonably believes to be reliable and competent in the matters presented or by legal counsel, public accountants, or other persons retained by the corporation as to matters involving skills or expertise the officer reasonably believes are matters (i) within the particular person's professional or expert competence or (ii) as to which the particular person merits confidence.

(c) An officer shall not be liable to the corporation or its shareholders for any decision to take or not to take action, or any failure to take any action, as an officer, if the duties of the office are performed in compliance with this section. Whether an officer who does not comply with this section shall have liability will depend in such instance on applicable law, including those principles of Section 79-4-8.31 that have relevance.

SECTION 5. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after July 1, 1999.